Menene bambanci tsakanin lissafin mai jirgin ruwa da takardar tudun ruwa?
Kudirin lading na mai jirgin yana nufin lissafin teku (Master B/L, wanda kuma ake kira master bill, lissafin teku, wanda ake kira M bill) wanda kamfanin jigilar kaya ya bayar.Ana iya ba da ita ga mai jigilar kaya kai tsaye (mai jigilar kaya ba ya fitar da lissafin kaya a wannan lokacin), ko kuma ana iya bayarwa ga mai jigilar kaya.(A wannan lokacin, mai jigilar kaya yana aika lissafin jigilar kaya zuwa mai kaya kai tsaye).
Kudirin jigilar kaya (House B/L, wanda kuma ake kira sub-bill of lading, ana kiranta da lissafin H), a zahiri, ya kamata ya zama mai jigilar kaya wanda ba na cikin jirgi ba (mai jigilar kaya na farko, China ta fara cancantar dacewa). takaddun shaida a cikin 2002, kuma dole ne mai jigilar kaya ya isar da shi a bankin da Ma’aikatar Sufuri ta keɓe Ana buƙatar ajiya don a amince da shi) Kudirin lading shine lissafin kaya ne wanda mai jigilar kaya ya bayar wanda ma’aikatar sufuri ta amince da shi. Sufuri kuma ya sami cancantar NVOCC (Ba jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar nauyi).Yawancin lokaci ana ba da ita ga mai kayan kai tsaye;wani lokaci takwarorinsu suna yin amfani da lissafin kaya, kuma ana ba da lissafin kaya ga takwarorinsu za su ba da nasu lissafin kaya ga mai shi kai tsaye.A zamanin yau, ana samun ƙarin umarni na gida don fitarwa, musamman zuwa wurare a Turai da Amurka.
Babban bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin lissafin mai da jirgin ruwa da lissafin ruwan teku su ne:
① Abubuwan da ke cikin ginshiƙan Dillali da Mai ɗaukar kaya a kan lissafin kaya sun bambanta: mai jigilar jigilar jigilar kaya shine ainihin mai fitar da kaya (mai ɗaukar kaya kai tsaye), kuma mai ɗaukar kaya gabaɗaya yana cika a cikin ginshiƙi ɗaya na bayanin jigilar kaya a ciki. daidai da tanadi na wasiƙar bashi, yawanci Don yin oda;kuma Lokacin da aka ba da odar M ga ainihin mai fitar da kaya, Mai jigilar kaya ya cika mai fitar da kaya, kuma ma’aikacin ya cika takardar jigilar kaya gwargwadon abin da ke ciki;lokacin da aka ba da odar M ga mai jigilar kaya, Mai jigilar kaya ya cika mai jigilar kaya, kuma mai ɗaukar kaya ya cika wakilin mai jigilar kaya a tashar jirgin ruwa.mutane.
②Hanyoyin musayar oda a tashar jiragen ruwa sun banbanta: idan dai kun riƙe odar M, za ku iya zuwa kai tsaye zuwa kamfanin jigilar kaya a tashar jiragen ruwa don musayar kuɗin shigo da kaya.Hanyar yana da sauƙi kuma mai sauri, kuma farashin yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da arha;yayin da mai riƙe da odar H dole ne ya je wurin mai jigilar kaya a tashar jiragen ruwa don musanya shi.Tare da odar M kawai za ku iya samun lissafin kaya kuma ku bi hanyoyin kwastan da ɗaukar kaya.Farashin canjin oda ya fi tsada kuma ba a daidaita shi ba, kuma mai jigilar kaya ne ya ƙaddara gaba ɗaya a tashar jiragen ruwa.
③Kudirin M, a matsayin lissafin layin teku, shine mafi asali kuma takaddun haƙƙin mallaka na gaskiya.Kamfanin jigilar kaya zai isar da kayan ga mai aikawa da aka nuna akan lissafin M a tashar jiragen ruwa.Idan mai fitarwa ya sami odar H, yana nufin cewa ainihin ikon sarrafa kayan da aka aika yana hannun mai jigilar kaya (a wannan lokacin, ma'aikacin odar M shine wakilin tashar jirgin ruwa na jigilar kaya).Idan kamfani mai jigilar kaya ya yi fatara, mai fitar da kaya (mai shigo da kaya) mai siyarwa zai iya karban kaya daga kamfanin jigilar kaya tare da lissafin H-bill.
④ Don cikakkun kayan kwali, ana iya ba da odar M da H duka, yayin da na kayan LCL, ana iya ba da odar H kawai.Domin kuwa kamfanin jigilar kaya ba zai taimaki mai kaya ya hada kwantena ba, haka kuma ba zai taimaki mai kaya ya raba kayan a tashar jirgin da zai nufa ba.
⑤Lambar B/L na babban takardan jigilar kaya baya shiga tsarin gudanarwar kwastam, kuma ya sha bamban da lambar lading kan sanarwar shigo da kaya;lambar B/L na mai kaya yana da suna da hanyar tuntuɓar kamfanin da zai maye gurbinsa, amma kamfanin tuntuɓar ba kamfanonin jigilar kaya ba ne kamar wakilai na waje ko Sinotrans.
Tsarin BL da HBL:
①Shipper yana aika bayanin jigilar kaya zuwa Forwarder, yana nuna ko cikakken akwati ne ko LCL;
② sararin littafai na turawa tare da kamfanin jigilar kaya.Bayan jirgin ya hau, kamfanin jigilar kaya yana ba da MBL ga mai turawa.Mai jigilar MBL shine Mai Gabatarwa a tashar tashi, kuma Cnee gabaɗaya shine reshe na Forwarder ko wakili a tashar jirgin ruwa;
③Mai aika sa hannu HBL zuwa Shipper, HAL's Shipper shine ainihin mai kayan, kuma Cnee yawanci yana yin wasiƙar bashi zuwa Don yin oda;
④ Mai ɗaukar kaya yana jigilar kaya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa bayan jirgin ya tashi;
⑤ Forwarder yana aika MBL zuwa reshen tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar DHL/UPS/TNT, da sauransu.
⑥Bayan Shipper ya sami lissafin kaya, zai kai lissafin zuwa bankin tattaunawa na cikin gida kuma ya daidaita musayar a cikin lokacin gabatar da lissafin.Idan T / T Shipper aika da takardun kai tsaye zuwa kasashen waje abokan ciniki;
⑦Bankin da ke tattaunawa zai daidaita musayar kudaden waje tare da bankin da ke ba da cikakkun bayanai;
⑧Wakili ya biya odar fansa ga bankin da ya bayar;
⑨Mai jigilar kaya a tashar jirgin ruwa ya kai MBL zuwa kamfanin jigilar kaya don musayar odar karban kaya da share kwastan;
⑩Ma'aikaci yana ɗaukar HBL don ɗaukar kayan daga Forwarder.
Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin lissafin mai jigilar kaya da lissafin mai mai jirgin ruwa: Daga kan jigon, za ku iya sanin ko lissafin jigilar kaya ne ko kuma na gaba.Kuna iya gaya wa babban kamfanin jigilar kaya a kallo.Kamar EISU, PONL, ZIM, YML, da dai sauransu.
Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin lissafin masu jirgin ruwa da lissafin jigilar kaya ya dogara ne akan abubuwa masu zuwa:
①Idan babu tanadi na musamman a cikin wasiƙar kiredit, Ba a yarda da lissafin ɗaukar kaya na Forwarder's B/L (HB/L).
②Bambancin da ke tsakanin lissafin mai jigilar kaya da na mai jirgin ruwa ya fi girma a cikin kai da sa hannu.
Mai bayarwa da sa hannun lissafin mai jirgin ruwa, ISBP da UCP600 sun bayyana a sarari cewa mai ɗaukar kaya ne, kyaftin ko wakilinsu mai suna ya sanya hannu kuma ya bayar, kuma shugabansa shine sunan kamfanin jigilar kaya.Wasu manyan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki za su iya gane shi a kallo, kamar EISU, PONL, ZIM, YML, da dai sauransu. Kudi na jigilar kaya kawai yana buƙatar a fitar da shi da sunan mai jigilar kaya, kuma baya buƙatar nuna sunan. na mai ɗaukar kaya, kuma baya buƙatar nuna cewa mai ɗaukar kaya ne ko kuma wakilin kyaftin.
A ƙarshe, akwai kuma lissafin jigilar kaya na gama-gari, wanda shine lissafin jigilar kaya na gama-gari.Matukar suna da wakili a tashar jiragen ruwa ko za su iya aron wakili, za su iya sanya hannu kan irin wannan takardar kudi.A aikace, babu ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idoji don irin wannan lissafin na kaya.Kamar yadda Akwai tambarin Mai ɗauka ko A matsayin Agent.Wasu masu jigilar kaya ba a daidaita su ba.Yin baya ko kafin aro yana yiwuwa.Yana yiwuwa a gurbata bayanai.Mutanen da suke da sauƙin yaudara suma suna da irin waɗannan takardun kaya.Babu wata shaida da za a bincika.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-24-2023
